Hollow brick or building tile and wall structure



Dec. 21 1926.

' v G. D. REAGAN HOLLOW BRICK OR BUILDING TILE AND WALL STRUCTURE Original Filed Nov. 1 2 192?.

Patented Dec. 21 1926.

GEORGE D. REAGAN. OF OKLAHOMA CITY, OKLAHOMA.

PATENT OFFICE.

HOLLOW BRIG? OR BUILDING- TILE AND -WAI|L STRUCTURE.

Continuation of application Serial No. 674,289, filed November 12, 1923. This application filed March 1926. Serial No. 92,438.

My present invention is a novel and improved form of hollow building units, particularly intended for use in wall construction, face walls, interior walls, curtain walls,

and the like. The present application is a continuation of my application for Letters Patent, Ser. No. 674,289, filed Nov. 12, 1923, and allowed-J an. 4, 1926, said application being copending with my application Ser.

N '0. 645,459, filed June 14, 1923, now Patent No. 1,495,439, issued and dated May 27, 1924. In said copending application, now Patent No. 1,495,439, I claimed the form of building block therein specifically as centered around a central void, but in this application, formerly copending, I have elected to claim broadly. the double cross web features of my hollow block or building tile.

' The important feature of my plurality of doublecross webs, or plurality of pairs of interior webs in a hollow block of this type are numerous, particularly enabling the block to be readily separable ,into 2, 3, or 4 units and each resulting portion is, itself, a useful building unit. While I am aware that it has heretofore been attempted to make building blocks separable into fragmentary sections or, indeed, into half portions, I believe that I am the first to form r a hollow building unit, tile, or the like, and particularly a brick faced building member with the plurality of double interior webs giving capacity for divisibility into half sections in either direction, quarter sections from any corner, and without waste, the

resulting half, quarter, or three uarters each andall being a building unit 0 which theorginal tile is a multiple and which portions or sections thus divided, can be utilized in the wall structure and I- wish to claim this feature broadly.

A further object of my invention is to so construct the brick tile that it will be cheap of construction, comparatively light in weight for handling and shipping; can be readily'and accurately broken into threequarters, halves, and quarters. as above noted, when desired; can be easily and accurately laid horizontally, and vertically; the

spaced and arranged, respectively, as to make perfect bonds and practically locking double cross-section web members and the larger voids, and smaller volds being so.

at the bonds, the loads are carried upon a line of continuous'members, when the tile is laid horizontally so that the webs and. bonds are continuous, making a solid brick wall eflect at the face of the wall. The preferred form'of the brick tile when used in the outer wall is square, and'the preferred size is 10" x 10" x 3", but it may be made of any other'desired size and form. Other forms and shapes will be more fully described below.

The invention is clearly illustrated in the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, and in which-- Figure 1 is a perspective of one form adapted for use for outer walls, partitions other forms for outer walls;

or inner walls, and in combination with tbs tween the outer walls and webs contiguous thereto, are not contained in this figure;

Fig. 6 is a perspective of the half tile of the form shown in Fig. 4; V Fig. 7 is a perspective of an outer and imier well laid in courses, showing the continuous vertical and perpendicular voids and webs, for dead air space, cement, cement and wire, or cement and steel re-inforcing, and for conduits, wiring and the like.

Like characters of reference designate like parts in all the figures.

It is the preferred except at corners and round apertures such as fines, chimneys. etc, to laythe brick tile in the walls one thickness and in the usual manner of brick-laying alternating each other in the course. In the four corners of each of the four'larger voids illustrated at 2 and 3, Fig. 4. there is a fillet,

where the angles meet, forming rounded con- .cave corners reinforcing the strength of all 1 surfaces surrounding each of the four larger voids and inside the webs nearest the respec tive four larger voids. The double transverse or double cross-sectional webs 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 40, 4]., 42, and 43 of Fig. 4, form five smaller and narrower voids 34, 35, 36 and 37 with a centrally located void 38 the webs forming the same while shown in alinement with those of 26, 27,, 28, 29, 30, 3 1, 32, 33, 40, 41; 42 and 43, will be preferably offset therefrom in practice to form kerfs corresponding to those marked 9, when the unit is broken up into sub-units. This makes it more easily dried, cured and burnt. It also assists, in connection with the kerfing 9 which leaves a square-corner at each side of said kei'fing, in easily and accurately breaking said tile into smaller portions; it also makes the additional number of lockingjointsfor the greater strength of the wall. The kerfs 9 may be as shown--only on two sides ofthe tile and in alinement, or they may be disposed on all four sides of the tile,

so that, if the tile is to be broken up into small sections quarters for instance, each will have a straight clean edge at the breaking, points due to the inset channel of the kerf whose walls provide the straight edge referred ,to. I 1 i The walls between the inner walls of the kerfs 9 and the adjacent voids are offset and thickened and extend into said voids as seen at. 9 in Figures 1, 2, 3 and 5, so as to provide substantially the same strength as that of the said thinner walls and guard against breakage of the unit at these parts in handling and shipment of the units.

At the corners and at such ot-her places as is desired such as around fines and. chimneys, and inthe building of small buildings, the half-sized brick tile, being the half sized tile of any form shown, but particularly as illustrated in Fig. 6, are used, and when used .at the corners and in small buildings, the face side 53 and end may be of greater thickness; where the greater thickness is used the extra thickness is formed on the inside of the voids contiguous thereto, thereby reducing slightly the size of the larger voids 2 and 3, as shown in Figs. 4 and 5, so as to preserve and maintain the size and regularity of the tile and of the wall, webs and voids, except as above. However, when desired, the faces may be made of the same thickness as the other outer portions of said tile.

The face of the walls so laid at all times are alike, and represent the brick. wall formation, except where in certain places it is desued to lay them in soldier course or in header course formation, in which cases they stlll resemble the brick formation as laid in brick walls in such respective soldier or header course formation.

Where it is fdesired to lay the brick tile in soldier course formation'at corners two faces or sides of said tile are of preferred greater thickness, and are lined or corrugated so as to make the tile have the upright brick effect in the outside or faces of the walls. But these may be made in single thickness if desired. lVhere laid in soldier course or header course formation, the lines and corrugations should be of sufiicient depth and width to permit the application of a coat ofmortar to preserve the greater resemblance to the brick formation of the outer wall.

It will be observed that the larger voids 2, 3, etc., Fig. 4 being vertical and continuous throughout the wall, permit the possibility of ventilation and of-a dead air space, and, when desired, of re-inforcing by cement, or cement and wire, or cement and steel, or other suitable material, either continuously from the bottom to the top of the wall, or alternating at desired distances, say

every three or four feet throughout the wall, thereby mortar-locking and stiffening the wall and especially at the corners; and also permit of the use of said larger voids as conduits for inserting waste-pipes, wires, pipes and such like uses. It is the'desire to have the mortar-locking surface of all of the said tile more securely mortar-locked'by scratch ing with wire or other metal during the manufacturing of all of the said surfaces so as to give said surfaces a mat-face effect. In Fig. l is shown two narrow voids in addition to the narrow void between the two larger voids. At the top and bottom of said narrow void between the two larger voids is a kerfing made. deep and with square corners so as to sassist in the breaking into halves and when broken each of the, halves shall have square corners and break straight throughout the whole of the tile. Although it may be made in various sizes the preferred size of thistile is x 10" x 3", and when so used with this size alone, various walls can be made by the use of said tile, and without breaking, of the following thicknesses, 3, 5, 6, 8, 10, 13, and inches. This tile as well as those shown in Figs. 2 and 3 are particularly adapted for coping, and over and 1 of their much greater strength, and by, reason of the two outer narrow voids 4 and 6 and their greater mortar-locking ability therefrom, are also designed to be used in walls in combination with tileshown "at Figs. 4,5 and 6, for coping, and on which to rest joists andother heavymembers.

At Fig. 2 is shown a tile similarly formed to that shown in Fig. 1 with the addition that the two larger voids are somewhat smaller, and there are two additional webs and two additional voids, thereby assisting in the drying, curing and burning of said tile and making the two halves of said tile when broken apart exactly the same. I In Fig. 3 is shown a tile similar in form to that shown in Fig. -2 with the addition that the larger voids are arched at the top and bottom and the outer formation making ten additional mortar-locking surfaces and giving an additional means of easily handling said tile. At numbers 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50 and 51 of Fig. 4 are shown eight narrow voids between the outer wall of said Fig. 4, and the webs 52 and 54, said voids being sub-divided by webs at 55, 56, 57 and 58. At 39 and 40 are two smaller voids in line with the narrow voids shown at 35 and 37. These voids are made to assist in drying, curing and burning the tile and making the same lighter for shipping and handling. It also forms many more mortarlockiug places.

The tile shown at Fig. 4, has been largely described heretofore. These are preferred to be made with double opposite faces as shown in Fig. 4, for ease of handling, or for alternating faces on account of broken tile, but may be made with one or more faces and on any side; and may be also made with one or more of the walls single thickness, or one or more of the walls with the greater thickness, or with the narrow voids between two thicknesses.

The tile shown at Fig. 5 is the same as that shown in Fig. 4, except that no small or other'shaped voids in the outer walls are shown. It also shows the greater thickness in the front and back which may vary in thickness owing to the quality of the clay used in the making of the tile. This same tile may also be manufactured in the half size or easily'Joroken at. the kerfing and voids between 'the kerfing points. It may also be made with one or more walls of greater thickness, for strength on which E o lay joists, and be made with one or more aces.

The tile shown the same tile as is shown in, Fig. 4, but may be made when desired in the various forms and proportions as described with reference to the tile shown at Fig. 5.

At 7is shown an illustration of the use of the various tiles in the wall. It will be seen that the tile shown at Figs. 1, 4 and (3, and also lettered a, b, 0 and d, are easily recognized. In the corners shown in Fig. 7 as well as in the corners of the tile shown at Figs. 4, 5 and 6 the larger void in the corner may be filled with mortar for the purpose of making it strong and modifications within at Fig. 6 is a half tile of or may locking and stiffening the corners,

greater in lieu thereof be made of the thickness. 7

From *thedescription and accom anying one-page drawing, and the specifiiaations, the advantages of construction, manufacture and operation and handling and combination of parts, will be apparent to those skilled in the art to which my invention pertains; but it will be understood that any the scope of the claimed invention may. be made in the construction and the application without departing from the principle of the invention or sacrificing any-0f its advantages. This particularly refers to the thickness of the tile, voids, webs and kerfing.

Having thus described my invention,

what- I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. A substantially square buildin unit having a plurality of large voids efined by the outer walls of said unit on two sides thereof, twoof the opposite outer walls being of double thickness with voids therein, the other walls of said voids being webs intersecting at .the centre of the unit and having smaller voids, one at the mid point of intersection, the opposed thinner outer Walls each having a parallel-sided kerf extended across the outer face thereof opposite the adjacent smaller voids.

2. A hollow building unit of rectangu- 7 lar horizontal cross-section, the said unit having a plurality of voids defined bythe -outer walls thereof and other walls of said the outer opvoids having smaller voids, posite faces of the unit upon opposite sides having parallel sided kerfs,

the walls between said kerfs. and the adjacent voidsbeprevent accidental -breaking thickened to age at the kerfs. j

3. A substantially square buildin unit having four outer walls, two of which have voids extended in the direction of the length of the wall, said two outer walls being of relatively twice the thickness of the other two outer walls, and intermediate intersecting walls of substantially the thickness of. the said thicker outer walls, each of said intermediate walls having an elongated void upon tion, and a void at said thinner outer walls, each having at substantially their mid point a parallel sided kerf, the walls between said kerfsand the adjacent walls being thickened to prevent accidental breaka e at the kerfs.

intersection, the

In testimony wiereof, I have signed my name to this specification.

" enoaeia n. REAGAN.

each side of the intersec 

